MMMiii!

My lecture yesterday

 

1066 Oct 14 - Battle of Hastings / Norman Conquest

• King Edward had no heir; William the Conqueror thought he was the next in line.
• Harold Godwin, Earl of Wessex was crowned. William got mad and waged war and won. Harold died
• Ties were cut with Scandinavia, End of the Anglo-Saxon period, Start of Middle Ages
• Normans had Feudalism and French Language and Culture, which William brought to England
• William took the lands of those who went against him, and distributed it among those who were loyal to him and some he kept for himself – fiefs and fealty
• Replacement of the Saxons and Britons in offices by Normans (French)

1067 – Pope Gregory VII was new pope

• established Church reforms

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Manlius Severinus Boethius
- Poetry is dangerous because it feeds the passions (According to Plato)
- The Muses were Pagans
- Arts catered to sensuous (worldliness) and earthly interests.
– Arts were considered trivial by comparison to theological pursuits.
– Arts were the lowest of the sciences (Highest is Theology)
- Theoretical interest expressed itself in allegorical interpretation of Scripture.

THE CONSOLATION OF POETRY
- It is only Philosophy that can give you the rest you need in a weary world.
– Must be good Philosophy (Nietzsche, et al, are out)
- PHILOSOPHY = “In her right hand she carried books, in her left she brandished a scepter.”
- Passions/Mummers - They do not free the minds of the men from disease but accustom them thereto.
- Mummers = Actors.
- Boethius suggests that the Muses represent false copying and the making of dangerous delusions.
- Philosophical Counseling

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St Thomas Aquinas - Christianized Aristotle / Aristotelianized Christianity
- wrote a grand synthesis of faith and reason
- Hermeneutics - Theory and Practice of Interpretation.
– Opened many levels or corridors for interpretation
— Literal
— Allegorical
— Moral
— AnagogicalEverything is provided by God according to the capacity of its nature.
All our knowledge originates from sense. Hence, in Holy Scripture truths are fittingly taught under the LIKENESS of material things.
1. The Holy Scripture can use metaphors (representations, the language of poetry), because it is natural for Man to be pleased with representations. It is both necessary and useful.
2. Finding out the truths is an exercise for the mind.
3. It is better for man to find out the truth
–a. men’s minds are therefore better freed from error
–b. this is more befitting the knowledge of Got that we have in this life. it is not clear as to who he is, therefore, similitudes drawn farthest away from God give us a truer estimate that God is above whatsoever we may say or think of Him.
–c. Divine truths are the better hidden from the unworthy. Those who understand the Scriptures even with the metaphors are worthy of its meaning. Certain things are intended to be hidden from the unworthy. “Give not that which is holy to the dogs.” The truth is always there, and if you don’t understand, you probably have not yet reached the capacity to understand.Scripture may have several senses.
While it describes a fact, it reveals a mystery.
1. It can have many layers of meaning or senses. The other senses would only be founded on one — the literal.
2. History, Etiology, Analogy are grouped under the literal sense.
–a. History - whenever anything is simply related
–b. Etiology - when its cause is assigned
–c. Analogy - whenever the truth of one text of Scripture is shown not to contradict the truth of another.
Allegory - Stands for the three spiritual senses
3. The parabolical sense is contained in the literal.

Scholasticism is Aristotelian in a more engaging way.

Albertus Magnus - Teacher of Aquinas.

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Dante Alighieri - Lay/Secularized Aquinas.
- Applied Aquinas’s principles onto secular works.
- Polysemous - of more senses than one.
- 4 senses.
–a. literal - must not go beyond the strict limits of the letter
–b. allegorical - disguised under the cloak of such stories, and is a truth hidden under a beautiful fiction
–c. moral - teachers ought to go through writings intently to watch for their own profit and that of their hearers.
–d. anagogical - above the senses; spiritually expounded which even in the literal sense by the things signified likewiseThings that should be inquired into at the beginning of of any work of instruction.
1. Subject
2. Agent
3. Form
4. End
5. Title of the work
6. branch of philosophy it concernsallegory < - alleon (other’s property) <- alienum/diversum (different)
Subject of his work must be Literally Understood
Its subject Allegorically Intended

The form of method of treatment is poetic, fictive, descriptive, digressive, transumptive.Comedy <- comus (a village) + oda (song) -> rustic song
Tragedy < - tragus (goat) + oda -> goat-song >__>;;Comic -> miserable start, happy end.
Tragic -> happy start, miserable end.

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Giovanni Boccaccio – Tuscan — First Modern Man
- became a poet because of separation with Maria de Conti d’Aquino
- Met Petrarch, started writing in Latin and Italian.
- Poetry makes fictions, whereas theology always tells the truth. < - disagreed
- Meaning acquired by toil should ultimately be more pleasurable and better retained (Aquinas)
- A hidden moral meaning redeemed poetry’s “lies” —> “Thus [poetry] is like a river, wherein the little lamb may wade, and the great elephant freely swim.” –> Take whatever meaning you can glean from it.
- The subject of sacred theology is divine truth, while that of ancient poetry is the men and gods of pagans.
- Theology and poetry can be considered as almost one and the same thing when their subject is the same. だから Theology is simply the poetry of God. Not only is poetry theology, but also that theology is poetry.- Poetry is a sort of fervid and exquisite invention, with fervid expression, in speech or writing, of that which the mind has invented. だから poetry must be sublime. — can only be called a laudable poet if the functions are perfectly fulfilled
— craft tools = grammar + rhetoric- It is rather useful than damnable to compose stories
— fabula - conversation- Poets are not liars
– Kinds of liars
—1. Willful deceivers
—2. tell falsehoods without knowing it.– In defense of Virgil, Virgil’s purpose.
—1. to follow the practice of earlier poets.
——— Poets are not historians, who begin their account at some convenient beginning and describe events in the unbroken order of their occurrence to the end.
—2. was to show what passions
—3. extol (praise enthusiastically)
—4. exalt the glory and name of Rome.
だから Virgil is not a Liar.- Poets are merely apes of the Philosophers.
– The philosopher as a rule employs an unadorned prose style, with something of scorn for literary embellishment.
——–Apes of Christ.- The pagan poets of Mythology are theologians (Aquinas)

- Practice restraint from overreading.

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Lodovico Castelvetro
-commentary on Aristotle’s Poetics.
- Curious literal minded utilitarianism (simplistic)
- Hardened Aristotle’s principles into rigid precepts.
- verisimilitude or closeness to reality.History and poetry
- poetry is a likeness of or resemblance to history. (Take not… NOT history)
- history does not have a subject matter provided by the talent of the historian. the subject matter of poetry is discovered and imagined by the talent of the poet
- Historians must not be called poets
- pleasure, the purgation and expulsion of fear and pity from the human soul by means of the operation of the same passions– hedone (Pleasure or delight), utility (Happiness), for it is the health of mind gotten through bitter medicine.oblique pleasure - derived from pity and fear. it occurs when feeling pain from misery which comes unjustly to another, we recognize that we are good, since injustice displeases us.

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Sir Philip Sidney
An Apology for Poetry - Answers Puritan Stephen Gosson’s School of Abuse
– called poets pipers and clownsHis views on the divine origin of poetry and utility of poetry.
Praises poetry:
1. for being the cradle of civilization
— Plato was a poetry
— Poetry makes the mind receptive to learning. it prepares the mind to learning.
2. for being a channel of divine power.
— The power and craft of poetry are of the same essence as the Divine.
— The poet is a maker.
— The mimesis of the poet is a higher kind of imitation.
— What the poet imitates is not nature herself but a more perfect idea in the mind to which the poet gives shape
3. for teaching and delighting
— inspires the soul to scorn vices and admire virtues
4. for combining and surpassing the virtues of history and philosophy
— unites the universal truths (abstractions) of philosophy with the concrete examples of history

Criticized past and present attacks on poetry

He was a good synthesizer. His “Apology” is more synthetic than original.
Christian critic - his defense of the moral nature of poetry answers both Platonic philosophy and Biblical theology.

four arguments against poetry
1. poetry is unprofitable
— it inspires, encourages
2. poetry is the mother of lies
— poets never claim their poems to be the truth
— poetry offers an illusion. only fools confuse illusion with reality.
3. poetry entices and leads to sinful behavior
— abuse of poetry leads to sin
— Bible
4. Plato banished the poets from his Republic
— Anxiety on influence

Curse on all poet-haters. “May they never win love for want of a sonnet; may they be forgotten for want of an epitaph.”

vates = poets = diviner, foreseer, prophet

sortes Virgilianae - The words of Virgil are Sacred.

poiein - to make

Examples he used:
Cyrus in Xenophon > Cyrus in Justin
Aeneas in Virgil > Aeneas in Dares Phrygius
~~~> Sublimity

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Jacobo Mazzoni
- credible impossible vs incredible possible
Poetry admits of 3 definitions
1. Poetry is imitation
2. To delight
3. Pragmatic - Civil faculty, delight usefully.

Credible impossible - fantastic imitation - Aristotelian
incredible possible - - Believe it or not

** icastic imitation - imitation of things that exist
fantastic imitation - things that don’t exist. Freedom of the writer

verisimilitude - integrity

Idol and Imitation
- The poet imitates, and he makes an idol.
- idol is particular, credible, verisimilar, but not necessarily true.
——What’s important is the illusion that has been created.
——Feigned by poets according to their own will.

*Peripatetics - Aristotle’s disciples, walking while discussing/conversing.

Idea - Object of ruling/governing arts
Work - object of fabricating arts
Idol - object of the imitative arts

The false is not always the subject of poetry
The subject of poetry is sometimes true and sometimes false, it is therefore necessary to establish a poetic subject that in itself can be sometimes true and sometimes false.

Choose the credible over the true. (Recall: verisimilitude)

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Philosophy

1. Areas/Branches
   1. Major Branches/Areas
      1. Metaphysics
         1. ultimate reality and existence
         2. meta=beyond;physics=physical world
         3. Poses the question: “Where am I?”
      2. Epistemology
         1. justification of truth, existence
         2. episteme=to know
         3. Poses the question: “How do I know?” (Whether I’m alone, or where I am, or something)
      3. Ethics
         1. action, nature, justification of morality
         2. Poses the question: “What should I do know?“
         3. Can be classified under Axiology
      4. Aesthetics
         1. Study of arts and beauty
      5. Logic
         1. Reasoning -> Rules and standards of formal reasoning
         2. A method AND a branch
   2. Areas of Applied Philosophy
      Science, religion, language, law, etc.
2. Methods
   • Has a general method = DEDUCTIVE ANALYSIS (Breaking down complex ideas into simple parts or general->specific; i.e. Math, Philosophy)
   1. Logic
      1. formal reasoning
      2. uses symbols
      3. follows truths and standards
   2. Philosophical Analysis
      1. informal reasoning
      2. ordinary language argumentation
      3. observable concerns
   3. Hermeneutics
      1. language
      2. meaning of language in various contexts
   4. Phenomenology
      1. not physical/material
      2. experiential
      3. meaning of the idea or concept in various contexts.

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Prof Acido said she’ll continue next meeting.

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The Philippines was colonized by America after it bought the country from Spain for US$20M. Pretty cheap, huh? I think it was a package deal–Guam, Philippines, and some other country. I can’t remember, and I don’t want to look it up. It’s not really important.

With this colonization, their language was also imposed on us. Unlike the Spanish, who as much as they could kept Spanish not easily available to the Early Filipinos because they were afraid it would cause a revolt or something, the Americans gave it to us freely, if not a little bit forcefully. In time, everything America offered, the Filipinos embraced–which is why we have such a strong colonial mentality– I think.

Look at it this way. The Philippines was under Spanish Colonization for more than 300 years. The US comes and “fights off the Spaniards” (the people didn’t know that it was just a mock-battle then, and that the US actually bought the Philippines), they saw the US as their “Saviors.” Who wouldn’t love it? They were offering free education, an offer to have their own government, a seemingly better life.

Although the event isn’t recognized in world history books, there was actually a Philippine-American War which only lasted for a few years. The Americans were stronger. They also had this Scorched Earth tactic (according to my teacher) that if they deemed one city or area mostly bandits or some bad people, they would just wipe out the whole town. According to statistics then, the population of the Philippines after the Spanish left was about 6 million. After the Phil-Am war, it was reduced to about 5 million. Americans have been doing a lot of evil since then!!! :<

I mean.... I would LOVE the Philippines to attack the US, but they have, what, 4000 nuclear warheads.. and we have NONE!. muahahaha *cough cough*

Anyway, back to history. The Philippine culture is very diverse because of our history. We have the Spanish, the Americans, the Japanese, the Chinese, and so on.
This doesn't make our culture Spanish+American+Japanese+Chinese+etc culture.
Our Culture is Philippine Culture... a whole new different one. XD
We're still not sure what our culture is, it seems... we have a cultural confusion. and colonial mentality. I mean.... Just look at how much stuff we're pirating/imitating! XD
Umm.. that wasn't what I was going to talk about... ~_~

English was first taught to the Filipinos by the American Soldiers. Then the Thomasites came and taught them Filipinos English. Then they trained the Native Filipinos to teach (in) English. Then study exchanges and grants were offered, like the Fulbright scholarship… (Speaking of Fulbright scholars from the American Period, one of the teachers from UP who was a scholar died recently >_<)

This doesn't necessarily mean that we were getting the best education from these Americans. Information was filtered. (OMG I am trying to recall what I learned from 2 years ago >_<) They only taught the Filipinos what would be beneficial to them (Americans). For example, they taught the children who the Filipino heroes were... but they didn't teach them WHY they were heroes.

Ok. I'm tired of trying to organize my thoughts.

• Some of the most valuable gifts (and “gifts”) of America to the Philippines are:
• the English language,
• With English.. we can swear and curse at the Americans in their own language, AND THEY WILL UNDERSTAND US! What use is swearing and cussing at them in Tagalog if they don’t understand it? They’d just laugh at us, maybe. :<
• We talk in English…. and we can talk against them in their own language!
• The Constitution,
• It is!!!
• some National Institutions,
• A lot of them.. like the National Museum, National Library, and so on. And these are some of “us” that makes us “us.”
• Mindanao (I’m not so sure this was entirely beneficial to us though..)
• US got the Mindanao for the Philippines and got people from Luzon and Visayas to settle in Mindanao (accdg to my teacher) … but now, a major national problem is Mindanao’s wanting … umm.. i don’t know how to say it again >___< Autonomy? separation? something like that. The Americans tricked the Sultans!!!
• The University of the Philippines.
• YES, my dear friends. The University of the Philippines was established by the Americans and teaching English was one of its main … something… blah. I’m not sure how to word it.
• The UP Constitution is (was?) patterened after Harvard’s.
• UP is the most nationalistic university in the Philippines despite its roots.
• No more Cold war… we now have a Warm War!!! Hot and Blazing maybe?
• My Professor is applyiong for a job (Yeah… because pay is too low in UP) and it has something to do about being sent to the US to do something somewhat Anti-US.
• “The best way to love the Philippines is to leave it.” - GMA.
• This is bullshit.
• Although I can’t blame those who leave to work in other countries.
• I also agree that they tend to care more for the country.

My prof mentioned an article… and I looked it up. :D It’s about how Filipinos can gain World Domination. Lol.

I’m gonna post it here too. I stole it from here. <-- click click. MAny more funny articles. XD
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THE WORLD DOMINATION REPORT:
An alternate history of the world
by Ms. Jessica Zafra

Pigafetta’s chronicle of Magellan’s historic voyage (ostensibly to go all the way around the world, but really to find a quicker route to the spice islands because they were sick of eating bland food) mentions a Malay in the crew who acted as a translator when they reached these islands. Some historians maintain that this Malay translator knew the language spoken in Cebu because well, he was originally from here. Which means that from the Visayas he had made his way to Europe, then back to the Philippines. Which makes him, technically, the first human being to sail around the world.

Whether this theory was a product of someone’s looming thesis deadline, or an attempt to make the Philippines seem like a more important player in world history, the figure of the mysterious globetrotting translator isn’t so incredible to us. In fact he could be the prototype for today’s global Filipino.

In any case, we know that the career of Ferdinand Magellan, visionary and explorer, ended on these shores. The local chieftain Lapu-lapu didn’t care for Magellan’s approach to world domination. Too confrontational, too messy, not enough singing and dancing.

Filipinos have been migrating to the United States even before it was the United States. It is believed that in the 16th and 17th centuries, Filipino sailors on the galleons plying the Manila-Mexico route jumped ship in French-owned Louisiana. They melted into the population, married native women, and produced cute little tisoys and tisays (crossbreeds).

Why do u think they have voodoo and jambalaya in New Orleans? Given our geography and topography (7,107 islands), it makes perfect sense that the first wave of Filipinos to set out into the big wide world were sailors. Today, you’d be hard pressed to find an ocean-going vessel that doesn’t have Filipinos in its crew. The seamen were followed by farm laborers, who migrated to America at the turn of the 20th century to work in the orchards of Hawaii and California.

It was in the 1950s and 60s that a grand design began to take shape, albeit unconsciously, for the Filipino conquest of planet earth. The plan unfolded with such seeming innocence and subtlety that it would take other nations decades to discover what we were up to. In fact the plan was so subtle most of us didn’t know what we were up to.

We started doctors, nurses, and dentists to America; accountants and teachers to Nigeria; governesses and nannies to England and Italy. We sent musicians, dancers, and entertainers to Vietnam and Malaysia; and missionaries to Papua New Guinea. The official reason for this exodus of Filipino labor was lack of economic opportunities back home. This was cloaked with just enough humility and embarrassment to make it sound perfectly convincing. (which is not to say that they were only pretending to need work, but read on.)

Since the 1970s, humans have become our most significant export. We send managers, construction workers, machine operators to Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern oil countries. We send entertainers to Japan, domestic helpers to Hong Kong and Singapore, professionals to Canada and Australia.

We send priest and nuns to the Vatican.
We are everywhere.

And the nations of the world saw what excellent workers Filipinos are. How friendly and sociable, how conversant in English, how devoted to their families, how easily they fit into their new surroundings. They are almost chameleon-like in the way they adapt to alien environments. They adopt the dress, habits, often the accents of their hosts, but they remain peculiarly Filipino – keeping in close touch with their families in Tuguegarao and Tacloban, trading gossip about their favorite Tagalog movie stars, organizing Filipino socials, church choirs and beauty pageants. It’s cultural assimilation in reverse: wherever Filipinos go, they create little outposts of the Philippines. In fact, they feel so at home in foreign lands, many of them see no reason to return to their homeland. It’s not that they don’t love their country, but they recognize that they’re country is wherever they are. They marry foreigners, but their children will always be Filipino.
We are the first citizens of the globalized economy. We knew all about the global village long before it occurred to Marshall Mcluhan. Hell, we invented globalization.

The time has come to reveal the real reason for what academics call the “Filipino Diaspora.”
We’re colonizing the earth.

Unlike the empires of the old. We’re not doing it with guns, religion, or education. We’re not forcing ourselves on unwilling natives; we’re working from within. way, way within.

We’re in their houses.

Our moles and sleeper agents are in the bosoms of their families, awaiting further instructions. Yes, Filipina maids working abroad are the first weapons we have deployed in our campaign to achieve world domination.

(We’ve seen how one seemingly innocuous Filipino working in a big house triggered a political crisis which nearly brought down the leader of the most powerful country on earth. Bayani Nelvis, a Filipino steward in the White House, handed then President Bill Clinton that cigar. Plus who first revealed that Michael Jackson , the king pop, really loved children?)
Consider the possibilities. In just about every country, Filipina maids are literally dusting the seats of power. They are working in the homes of heads of state, royalty, CEOs of conglomerates, and the must influential people on the planet. Imagine what would happen if, at a given signal, every Filipina domestic helper in the world suddenly went on strike. The movers and shakers of the world would be forced to cancel their appointments, reestablish order in their households, and do their own chores. The global economy would grind to a screaming halt.
We have the planet by its dirty laundry, its dirty dishes, its diapers. Our agents are in a position to paralyze the governments and corporations of the world, and they have to do is…. nothing.

Occasionally, upon finding some dictionary in which Filipina is defined as “domestic helper,” well-meaning Filipinos will raise the hue cry about racism, the dignity of the Filipina, national pride, blah blah blah. This is very touching, but does anyone ever consider how the Filipina maids feel about being shunned?

The very thing that we are supposed to be embarrassed about - the army of Filipina maids abroad – is the source of our power. It’s not as glamorous as, say, multinational corporations with offices in every country, but it is efficient, cost-effective and very clever.
That’s just a sample of what we could do. Obviously I can neither confirm nor deny that espionage is part of our plan. However I can say that our colonization and training program is well in place. In Europe, the US, Singapore, Hong Kong and the Middle East, Filipina yayas (nannies) are bringing up the next generation. These yayas by their very presence are inculcating in their alaga (charges) the customs, traditions, and values they themselves grew up with. Put another way, they are training the children of the world…. to be Filipino.
We don’t have to take this planet by force; it will be ours eventually. And we haven’t even gotten organized yet.

Meanwhile, back in the Philippines, living conditions and the lack of economic opportunities ensure a steady supply of humans for export. To you Metro Manila may be a congested, filthy, traffic-addled, polluted, toxic, stressful hell, but to us it’s boot camp for our army of world domination.

This planet is ours.
We rule.

P.S. As we are putting this issue together, a story called “One Nation, Overseas” appeared in Wired. The piece looks into how the Philippines created the world’s most distributed economy. We’ve been found out. What effect does this have on our grand plan to take over the world? Nothing. In fact it gives us an added push. The geeks have discovered what we’re doing, and they approve.

———————–

this post is too long now. :<

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Module 1 - Words and Concepts

word

• Simplest unit of communication
• made up of letters
• arbitrary - agreed upon in a certain speech community; conventions in a community
• for example, “chair” is not called “chair” in other communities.
• artificial - no necessary connection between the word and what it represent; they are just signs; it can be invented
• material - can be heard, seen, spoken or written
• signs - represent something other than themselves.
• signs of things, operations, thoughts, feelings, concepts, other words.
• example of natural signs
• moon->night
• smoke->fire

Concept

• made up of ideas
• may be represented by words, but not referring to the world. a word could be used as a sign of a concept.
• ability to form concepts is a part of being human
• only exists in our minds.

According to John Locke

• All things that exist inn the world are particulars.
• General Terms
• practical purposes for a group of particulars with common characteristics.
• abstraction

Term

• word(s) used to express a concept.
• verbal
• The so and so

*There is NO necessary connection between words and concepts. i.e. they don’t have an undivorcible relationship.
*Words and concepts have no truth-value.

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ReflectionIs there a necessary connection between Teaching and Learning?
This was debated in class whether there IS a necessary connection between Teaching and Learning. I understood this as asking whether teaching was necessary in learning, and whether learning was necessary in teaching.Most of the opinions voiced out was that one could learn without a teacher, and one could teach without the ones being taught learning.

Some other points of view were raised. Since we’re dealing with Philosophy, it was necessary to be definite with which Language Game (Context) we were playing.

One said that if it were only from the point of view from the learner, then no, there is no necessary connection. A learner can learn even without a teacher,

But what about those who are “self-taught”? They taught themselves, and they learned on their own. Therefore there was a teacher (themselves) and there was a learner, which would then make the statement (There is a necessary connection between teaching and learning.) true. But then… couldn’t it also be called “self-learned”?
One of the students argued that what about those who learned unconsciously? Apparently my professor agrees with Krashen that Learning and Acquisition are two different concepts. Some professors don’t agree with this, and say that learning is just the same as acquisition. You acquire knowledge when you learn. I agree with Krashen though.

I was thinking at first that children learn their language on their own, even unconsciously… Until I remembered Krashen… so I couldn’t have possibly used that argument. That would be on Teaching and Acquisition.
On the teacher’s point of view, indeed, he or she could “teach” but could not always ensure that the students are learning. But isn’t there learning in failure? If the teacher notes that the students aren’t learning then there must be something wrong with him or her. Then s/he will may have learned something. .. lol.

My professor then raised this question: Would you get sad, or even depressed, if your students aren’t learning from you?

One of my classmates said that he was only interested with his paycheck, so if the students not learning would affect his pay, then definitely, he would start worrying. Some others say they would because that would make them an ineffective teacher.

My opinion? It depends. Different teachers have different teaching styles. Same goes with students. Different students have different learning styles. They also have their own pace in learning. If say, just one or two couldn’t catch up with the lesson, couldn’t “learn” I wouldn’t lose sleep on it. I WOULD try to help them, but they also have to work for it. If say, they aren’t doing any effort at all, then that is their problem, it is their decision. If half or more than half of the class didn’t want to listen to me, or are not learning, couldn’t understand the lesson, then yes, I would definitely lose sleep on it. Something is wrong with me.
I would probably have to stay up the whole night thinking of a way to make the class livelier, change my teaching style, find an easier, more understandable way of presenting the lesson. But if it were just say 1 or 2… unless I only have 4 or 5 students, then I wouldn’t let the rest of the students be held back just because of a few students.

Would I be sad? Maybe a bit, because they’re “slow” … :< But for me to get depressed... No. If I were teaching in a .. umm.. normal public school, I can live with it. But if I were say in a private school and I know the parents could afford it, and if the student is terribly slow, I would recommend maybe something like tutorials or remedials...
Oh well.... =/ =\

I wouldn't know what to do probably when i'm there and teaching already... /o\

Some schools don't accept teachers from UP especially in the Basic Education (Grade School Level) because according to them, graduates from UP are heartless. They may have the brains but not enough heart and soul. In my professor's words, "Kapag Taga-UP ka raw kasi, walang human touch, walang puso’t kaluluwa.“

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ALDS - Adjusting to meet the needs of the individuals!

10 Forces Shaping Change in Schools

1. Education is essential for democracy.
2. Market competition, parental choice and individual self-management are redefining how school relates their wider environments.
3. Shools can no longer be indifferent to what kinds of living and working awaid their students when they move into the world. (– huh?)
4. The pressures of if today’s complex environments are relentless and contradictory.
5. Our existing structures are exhausted.
6. Schools cannot shut the gate and leave the outside world at the doorstep. (lol…)
7. More diversity in schools demands greater flexibility.
8. Technology is breaking down walls of schools.
9. Schools are our last hope of rescuing and reinventing the community.
10. Teachers can do more with more help from the community.

UNESCO’s 4 Pillars of Education

1. Learning to know
2. Learning to do
3. Learning to live with others (values, culture .. indigenous education/community)
4. Learning to be (i kinda didn’t get this…?)

Challenges

• Technology-based Teaching and Learning
• Exploring the use of technology to enhance teaching and learning and explore new ways of improving the quality of delivery systems in education and provide access to education.
• Make the schools child-centered/child-seeking
• The present situation of the society requires schools to develop alternative approaches to education focusing on the needs, interests, and nature of the learners. The heart of the curriculum should be the learner thus moving away from teacher-directed learning to learner-centered.
• mobile schools/teacers/libraries
• *What can you do to attract the individual and to make materials relevant and ensure usefulness to learner?
• A vision creating a concrete description of how teaching and learning should take place in the future, given the current knowledge people have about the goals and purposes of education, and the potntial of new technologies and strategies for furthering these goals.

4 Features of the New Paradigm

1. Shift from objective knowledge to constructed knowledge (Constructivism… recall EDFD 116, EDL105, EDL 121)
2. Shift from an industrial-based society to knowledge-based society.
1. Industrial-based society
1. “What we need, you produce.” (Made to produce what others need)
2. Production/Output is from Top to Bottom
2. Knowledge-based Soiciety
1. Produce ideas for innovation
2. Bottom (Root–knowledge) to Top
3. Shift from the predominantly face-to-face lectures to the predominantly mediated presentation of concepts to the learned.
4. Shift from the “current” physical structure of schools to an undetermined “structure”

Reflection
1. I find it funny that there we were in class talking about using technology… and my professor was using Acetates and an Overhead Projector (OHP) …. It’s pretty ironic. He said so himself, which was on my mind anyway… It’s not like h e wanted the situation. He just had no choice. It’s not like the school rents out it’s MMP (Multi-media Projector) for free… and my prof isn’t rich enough to have his own MMP…

2. The Philippines uses a lot of outdated and relatively irrelevant material. For example. (my prof pointed out).. houses are always depicted to have like several rooms.. but what about those living in shanties? In pushcarts? Another example was the definition of a Family. It’s always going something like “It has a Father, a Mother, and You” but single parenthood is now pretty common.

I’ve had a couple of Single-parent Moms in my classes… they’re like 25-32… I remember one mom. She was like 33.. and a single mom. And she was doing her Ph.D. in Psychology.. I forgot what was the topic, but she said that she just wanted to have a kid, no attachments needed, so she got her friend to get her pregnant >_>. She was also kinda queer. She always wore flipflops, and the flipflops were always in the color of her top.. and bag. so if it’s white, she’d be wearing a white top, white flipflops, and carrying a white bag. Oh. her name was Bear. but she’s like 5′1″ and really thin. Skinny . lol.

3. The places where “Technology” is available is mostly concentrated in cities.. not exactly far-flung places. So ALDS that would need internet like tele-conferencing maybe, or video conference, would not exactly be available. heck… in my Uni itself, “technology” is also not exactly available… =_=

these are good ideas… but I think they’re not very feasible… *sigh*

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I was absent this day because I mixed up some stuff. ,,, so some of this are just guessed
Alternative Learning Delivery System

• What’s wrong with the school?
• Curriculum (relevance)
• Instruction
• Assessment

1977 - created the Bureau of Non-Formal education
——–> Training

• Challenges to Philippine Education
• Improving the quality of education
• Improving access to education
• Making education relevant and responsive

1987 Constitution, Article XIV, Section 2 (4)
–107 - Ethnolinguistics
–77 - Cultural Minority Groups

• 4 Most Frequent reasons for using ALDS
• to improve access to education and training
• to improve the quality of learning
• to reduce the costs of education
• to improve the cost-effectiveness of education

~~Why there is ALDS?

• to respond to varied learning needs
• to respond to the different learning styles of the learners

——————-

• Goals of ALDS in the Philippines
• Promotion of literacy programs (basic skills and functional ltieracy)
• Development of livelihood skills that improve and enhance employability and economic productivity
• Expansion of certification and equivalency programs

• Philippines ETA Thrusts on ALDS
• Eradication of Illiteracy
• eradication of illiteracy in selected areas
• Parent education and female functional literacy in selected areas
• Promotion of continuing education and development

• ALDS Programs in the Philippines
• Literacy Education (Dep Ed)
• Livelihood Skills Programs (TESDA)
• Certification and equivalency among professionals
• School and University Initiatives

*PCK - Pedagogical Content Knowledge

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